advertising
-
1
Cua AB, Wilhelm KP, Maibach HI: Frictional properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region, stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss. .Br J Dermatol 123::473. ,1990. .
-
2
Knapik JJ, Hamlet MP, Thompson KJ, et al: Influence of boot-sock systems on frequency and severity of foot blisters. .Mil Med 161::594. ,1996. .
-
3
Brennan FH: Managing blisters in competitive athletes. .Curr Sports Med Rep 1::319. ,2002. .
-
4
Xing M, Pan N, Zhong W, et al: Skin friction blistering: computer model. .Skin Res Technol 13::310. ,2007. .
-
5
Spence WR, Shields MN: Prevention of blisters, callosities and ulcers by absorption of shear forces. .JAPA 58::428. ,1968. .
-
6
Mailler EA, Adams BB: The wear and tear of 26.2: dermatological injuries reported on marathon day. .Br J Sports Med 38::498. ,2004. .
-
7
Polliack AA, Scheinberg S: A new technology for reducing shear and friction forces on the skin: implications for blister care in the wilderness setting. .Wilderness Environ Med 17::109. ,2006. .
-
8
Patterson HS, Woolley TW, Lednar WM: Foot blister risk factors in an ROTC summer camp population. .Mil Med 159::130. ,1994. .
-
9
Taylor CM, Riordan FA, Graham C: New football boots and toxic shock syndrome. .BMJ 332::1376. ,2006. .
-
10
Yavuz M, Botek G, Davis BL: Plantar shear stress distributions: comparing actual and predicted frictional forces at the foot-ground interface. .J Biomech 40::3045. ,2007. .
-
11
Bus SA, de Lange A: A comparison of the 1-step, 2-step, and 3-step protocols for obtaining barefoot plantar pressure data in the diabetic neuropathic foot. .Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 20::892. ,2005. .
-
12
McPoil TG, Cornwall MW, Dupuis L, et al: Variability of plantar pressure data: a comparison of the two-step and midgait methods. .JAPMA 89::495. ,1999. .
-
13
Yavuz M, Tajaddini A, Botek G, et al: Temporal characteristics of plantar shear distribution: relevance to diabetic patients. .J Biomech 41::556. ,2008. .
-
14
Kiistala U: Dermal-epidermal separation. .Ann Clin Res 4::236. ,1972. .
-
15
Greenhalgh DG, Lawless MB, Chew BB, et al: Temperature threshold for burn injury: an oximeter safety study. .J Burn Care Rehabil 25::411. ,2004. .
-
16
Hall M, Shurr DG, Zimmerman MB, et al: Plantar foot surface temperatures with use of insoles. .Iowa Orthop J 24::72. ,2004. .
-
17
Schmidt H, Hattel J, Wert J: An analytical model for the heat generation in friction stir welding. .Modelling Simul Mater Sci Eng 12::143. ,2004. .
-
18
Zmitrowicz A: Constitutive models for anisotropic frictional heat. .Int J Heat Mass Transfer 38::563. ,1995. .
-
19
Grabiner MD, Feuerbach JW, Lundin TM, et al: Visual guidance to force plates does not influence ground reaction force variability. .J Biomech 28::1115. ,1995. .
-
20
Yavuz M, Erdemir A, Botek G, et al: Peak plantar pressure and shear locations: relevance to diabetic patients. .Diabetes Care 30::2643. ,2007. .
Plantar Shear Stress Distribution in Athletic Individuals with Frictional Foot Blisters
Search for other papers by Metin Yavuz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Brian L. Davis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: Foot blisters are common and painful nuisances in competitive sports and in military service. The pathogenesis of the problem is related to excessive frictional forces experienced on or under the foot. The incidence of foot blisters in marathon runners can reach 39%. Similarly, up to 42% of cadets in Reserve Officers’ Training Corps camps might be prone to foot blisters. Although the problem usually disappears within 5 days, a single blister might be a major problem in competitive sports or in a wilderness setting. Military training and combat effectiveness might also be compromised by foot blisters. This study sought to reveal the distribution of plantar shear forces in athletic individuals and its relevance to foot blisters.
Methods: Three groups of 11 participants each were studied: blister, adult control, and pediatric control. A custom-built shear and pressure platform was used to collect plantar pressure and shear data while the participants walked over the device. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results: The blister group had significantly increased pressure and shear stress magnitudes compared with the other groups, although no significant group-site interaction was found. The shear-time integral values were increased approximately 50% at specific sites of the athletic feet, suggesting that contact time may play a role in blister formation.
Conclusions: The biomechanical interaction on the plantar surface of a blister-prone person is different from that of individuals who are less prone to the problem. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(2): 116–120, 2010)
advertising
advertising
