advertising
-
1
Beck BR, Osternig LR: Medial tibial stress syndrome. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 76::1057. ,1994. .
-
2
Bennett JE, Reinking MF, Pluemer B, et al: Factors contributing to the development of medial tibial stress syndrome in high school runners. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 31::504. ,2001. .
-
3
Astrom M, Arvidson T: Alignment and joint motion in the normal foot. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 22::216. ,1995. .
-
4
Kannus VP: Evaluation of abnormal biomechanics of the foot and ankle in athletes. .Br J Sports Med 26::83. ,1992. .
-
5
Kaufman KR, Brodine SK, Shaffer RA, et al: The effect of foot structure and range of motion on musculoskeletal overuse injuries. .Am J Sports Med 27::585. ,1999. .
-
6
Clement DB, Taunton JE, Smart GW, et al: A survey of overuse running injuries. .Phys Sports Med 9::47. ,1981. .
-
7
Riegger-Krugh C, Keysor JJ: Skeletal malalignments of the lower quarter: correlated and compensatory motions and postures. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 23::164. ,1996. .
-
8
Murphy DF, Connolly BD, Beynnon BD: Risk factors for lower extremity injury: a review of the literature. .Br J Sports Med 37::13. ,2002. .
-
9
Gehlsen GM, Seger A: Selected measures of angular displacement, strength, and agility in subjects with and without shin splints. .Res Q Exerc Sport 51::479. ,1983. .
-
10
Mubarek SJ, Gould RN, Lee YF, et al: The medial tibial stress syndrome: a cause of shin splints. .Am J Sports Med 10::201. ,1982. .
-
11
Sommer HM, Vallentyne SW: Effect of foot posture on the incidence of medial tibial stress syndrome. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 27::800. ,1995. .
-
12
Viitasalo JT, Kvist M: Some biomechanical aspects of the foot and ankle in athletes with and without shin splints. .Am J Sports Med 11::125. ,1983. .
-
13
Yates B, White S: The incidence and risk factors in the development of medial tibial stress syndrome among naval recruits. .Am J Sports Med 32::772. ,2004. .
-
14
Cornwall MW, McPoil TG: The influence of the tibialis anterior muscle activity on rearfoot motion during walking. .Foot Ankle 15::75. ,1994. .
-
15
Salathe EP Jr, Arangio GA, Salathe EP: A biomechanical model of the foot. .J Biomech 19::989. ,1986. .
-
16
Scott SH, Winter DA: Biomechanical model of the human foot: kinematics and kinetics during stance phase of walking. .J Biomech 26::1091. ,1993. .
-
17
Donatelli R: Normal biomechanics of the foot and ankle. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 7::91. ,1985. .
-
18
Salathe EP Jr, Arangio GA, Salathe EP: The foot as a shock absorber. .J Biomech 23::655. ,1990. .
-
19
Donatelli R: Abnormal biomechanics of the foot and ankle. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 9::11. ,1987. .
-
20
Franco AH: Pes cavus and pes planus. .Phys Ther 67::688. ,1987. .
-
21
Moore MP: Shin splints: diagnosis, prevention, and management. .Postgrad Med 83::199. ,1988. .
-
22
Hamil J, Bates BT, Knutzen KM, et al: Relationship between selected static and dynamic lower extremity measures. .Clin Biomech 4::217. ,1989. .
-
23
Melzack R: The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. .Pain 30::191. ,1987. .
-
24
Norkin CC, White DJ: Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry, 2nd Ed, FA Davis Co, Philadelphia. ,1995. .
-
25
Clapper MP, Wolf SL: Comparison of the reliability of the Orthoranger and the standard goniometer for assessing lower extremity range of motion. .Phys Ther 68::214. ,1988. .
-
26
Hopson MM, McPoil TG, Cornwall MW: Motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: reliability and validity of four measurement techniques. .JAPMA 85::198. ,1995. .
-
27
Williams DS, McClay IS: Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. .Phys Ther 80::864. ,2000. .
-
28
Song J, Secord D, Hillstrom HJ, et al: Foot type biomechanics: comparison of planus and rectus foot types. .JAPMA 86::16. ,1996. .
-
29
Cavanagh PR: Lower extremity action in distance running. .Foot Ankle 7::197. ,1987. .
-
30
Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE: A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. .Am J Clin Nutr 36::936. ,1982. .
-
31
Pols MA, Peeters PHM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, et al: Validity and repeatability of a modified Baecke questionnaire on physical activity. .Int J Epidemiol 24::381. ,1995. .
-
32
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL: “Body Composition,” in Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, 4th Ed, ed by D Balado, VM Vaughn, p 541, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ,1996. .
-
33
Jones BH, Bovee MW, Harris JM III, et al: Intrinsic risk factors for exercise-related injuries among male and female army trainees. .Am J Sports Med 21::705. ,1993. .
-
34
Smalkey KJ, Knerr AN, Kendrick ZV, et al: Reassessment of body mass indices. .Am J Clin Nutr 52::405. ,1990. .
-
35
Magee DJ: “Gait Assessment,” in Orthopedic Physical Assessment, p 673, WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia. ,1997. .
-
36
Hoyle DA, Latour M, Bohannon RW: Intraexaminer, interexaminer, and interdevice comparability of leg length measurements obtained with measuring tape and metro-com. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 14::263. ,1991. .
-
37
Nordin M, Frankel VH: “Biomechanics of Gait,” The Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, 3rd Ed, p 439, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ,2001. .
-
38
Portney LG, Watkins MP: “Statistical Measures of Reliability,” in Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, 2nd Ed, ed by C Mehalik, p 557, Prentice Hall Health, Upper Saddle River, NJ. ,2000. .
-
39
Bhave A, Paley D, Hirzenberg JE: Improvements in gait patterns after lengthening for the treatment of limb length discrepancy. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 81::529. ,1999. .
-
40
Kaufman KR, Miller LS, Sutherland DH: Gait asymmetry in patients with lower leg inequality. .J Pediatr Orthop 16::144. ,1996. .
-
41
Blustein SM, D’Amico JC: Limb length discrepancy: identification, clinical significance, and management. .JAPMA 75::200. ,1985. .
-
43
Tabrizi P, McIntyre WMJ, Quesnel MB, et al: Limited ankle dorsiflexion predisposes to injuries of the ankle in children. .J Bone Joint Surg Br 82::1103. ,2000. .
-
44
DiGiovanni CW, Kuo R, Tejwani N, et al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 84::962. ,2002. .
-
45
Kappel-Bargas A, Woolf RD, Cornwall MW, et al: The windlass mechanism during normal walking and passive first metatarsophalangeal joint extension. .Clin Biomech 13::190. ,1998. .
-
46
Root ML, Orien W, Weed JH: “Abnormal Motion of the Foot,” in Clinical Biomechanics, Normal and Abnormal Function of the Foot, Vol 2, Clinical Biomechanics, Los Angeles. ,1977. .
-
47
Pedowitz WJ, Kovatis P: Flatfoot in the adult. .J Am Acad Orthop Surg 3::293. ,1995. .
-
48
Williams DS, McClay IS, Hamill J: Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. .Clin Biomech 16::341. ,2001. .
-
49
Aquino A, Payne C: Function of the windlass mechanism in excessively pronated feet. .JAPMA 91::245. ,2001. .
-
50
Mueller MJ, Host JV, Norton BJ: Navicular drop as a composite measure of excessive pronation. .JAPMA 83::198. ,1993. .
-
51
Vinicombe A, Raspovic A, Menz HB: Reliability of navicular displacement measurement as a clinical indicator of foot posture. .JAPMA 91::262. ,2001. .
-
52
Gross ML, Davlin LB, Evanski PM: Effectiveness of orthotic shoe inserts in the long-distance runner. .Am J Sports Med 19::409. ,1991. .
-
53
Gould N: Hyperpronation and pes planus in adults. .Clin Orthop Relat Res 181::37. ,1983. .
-
54
Garbalosa JC, McClure MH, Catlin PA, et al: The frontal plane relationship of the forefoot to the rearfoot in an asymptomatic population. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 20::200. ,1994. .
-
55
Thompson CE: An investigation into the reliability of the valgus index and its validity as a clinical measurement. .The Foot 4::191. ,1994. .
-
56
Tiberio D: Pathomechanics of structural foot deformities. .Phys Ther 68::1840. ,1988. .
-
57
Cavanagh PR, Lafortune MA: Ground reaction forces in distance running. .J Biomech 13::397. ,1980. .
-
58
Nigg BM, Eberle G, Freg D, et al: “Gait Analysis and Sport Shoe Construction,” in Biomechanics, Vol 6A, ed by E Asmussen, K Jorgensen, University Park Press, Baltimore. ,1978. .
-
59
Mundermann A, Nigg BM, Humble RN, et al: Foot orthotics affect lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during running. .Clin Biomech 18::254. ,2003. .
Anatomical and Biomechanical Assessments of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Search for other papers by Katherine E. Bartosik in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Michael Sitler in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Howard J. Hillstrom in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Howard Palamarchuk in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kellie Huxel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Esther Kim in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: Medial tibial stress syndrome is a common overuse injury in weightbearing, physically active individuals and in athletes. Most research associated with this condition is primarily based on static foot and lower-extremity measurements.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to assess a set of static and dynamic measurements to determine which anatomical factors (limb length, ankle dorsiflexion, first metatarsophalangeal joint extension, and arch height) and biomechanical factors (center-of-pressure excursion index, malleolar valgus index, and gait velocity) are associated with medial tibial stress syndrome.
Results: One-way analysis of variance models revealed that participants with medial tibial stress syndrome had significantly greater visual analog pain levels and slower gait velocity than noninjured controls (P = .05). No other significant differences were found between the two groups.
Conclusions: Further investigation of these and other factors can help health professionals develop better strategies for the prevention and clinical intervention of medial tibial stress syndrome. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(2): 121–132, 2010)
advertising
