Cover Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
ISSN:
8750-7315
  • 1

    Morgan A, Kim PS, Christman RA: Radiographic anatomy of the talus. JAPMA 93: 449, 2003.

  • 2

    Christman RA, Ly P: Radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal. JAPMA 80: 177, 1990.

  • 3

    Christman RA: Radiographic anatomy of the calcaneus: part I. Inferior surface. JAPMA 77: 549, 1987.

  • 4

    Christman RA: Radiographic anatomy of the calcaneus: part II. Posterior surface. JAPMA 77: 581, 1987.

  • 5

    Christman RA: Radiographic anatomy of the calcaneus: part III. Superior surface. JAPMA 77: 633, 1987.

  • 6

    Christman RA: Radiographic anatomy of the calcaneus: part IV. Lateral and medial surfaces. JAPMA 78: 11, 1988.

  • 7

    Weissman SD: Radiology of the Foot, 2nd Ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1989.

  • 8

    Forrester DM, Kricun ME, Kerr R: Imaging of the Foot and Ankle, Aspen Publishers, Rockville, MD, 1988.

  • 9

    Berquist TH: Imaging of the Foot and Ankle, 3rd Ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2011.

  • 10

    Crim JR, Cracchiolo A, Hall RL: Imaging of the Foot and Ankle, Lippincott-Raven, London, 1996.

  • 11

    Meschan I: An Atlas of Anatomy Basic to Radiology, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1975.

  • 12

    Wicke L: Atlas of Radiologic Anatomy, 3rd Ed, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1982.

  • 13

    Hamilton WJ, Simon G, Hamilton I: Surface and Radiologic Anatomy, 5th Ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1971.

  • 14

    McMinn RMH, Hutchings RT, Logan BM: Color Atlas of Foot and Ankle Anatomy, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1982.

  • 15

    Bryan GJ: Johnson and Kennedy Radiographic Skeletal Anatomy, 2nd Ed, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1982.

  • 16

    Birkner R: Normal Radiologic Patterns and Variances of the Human Skeleton, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1978.

  • 17

    Wolfe JN, Kapdi CC, Murphy HS: Atlas of Xeroradiographic Anatomy of Normal Skeletal Systems, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL, 1978.

  • 18

    Montagne J, Cherrot A, Galmiche JM: Atlas of Foot Radiography, Masson Publishing, New York, 1981.

  • 19

    Kaye JJ, Bohne WH: A radiographic study of the ligamentous anatomy of the ankle. Radiology 125: 659, 1977.

  • 20

    Goergen TG, Danzig LA, Resnick D, et al: Roentgenographic evaluation of the tibiotalar joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59: 874, 1977.

  • 21

    Shereff MJ, Johnson KA: Radiographic anatomy of the hindfoot. Clin Orthop Relat Res 177: 16, 1983.

  • 22

    Rhea JT, DeLuca SA, Sheehan J: Radiographic anatomy of the tarsal bones. Med Radiogr Photogr 59: 2, 1983.

  • 23

    Christman RA: Foot and Ankle Radiology, Churchill Livingstone, St Louis, 2003.

  • 24

    Funk and Wagnalls New Comprehensive International Dictionary of the English Language, Ferguson Publishers, New York, 1982.

  • 25

    Lieber GA, Lemont H: The posterior triangle of the ankle: determination of its true anatomic boundary. JAPMA 72: 363, 1982.

  • 26

    Nidecker AC, von Hochstetter A, Fredenhagen H: Accessory muscles of the lower calf. Radiology 151: 47, 1984.

  • 27

    Percy EC, Telep GN: Anomalous muscle in the leg: soleus accessorium. Am J Sports Med 12: 447, 1984.

Online Publication Date:
Jul 2014

Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 1

The Distal Leg

Robert A. Christman Western University of Health Sciences, College of Podiatric Medicine, 309 E 2nd St, Pomona, CA 91766. (E-mail: rchristman@westernu.edu)

Search for other papers by Robert A. Christman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
 DPM, EdM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.4.402
Restricted access
Copyright Permission Requests
USD  $35.00
Click here to view the full Terms and Conditions

The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The findings from the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg (the focus of this paper), the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals, and the phalanges.

Save