Zuber TJ, Pfenninger JL: Management of ingrown toenails. Am Fam Physician 52: 181, 1995.
Mozena JD: The Mozena Classification System and treatment algorithm for ingrown hallux nails. JAPMA 92: 131, 2002.
Martinez-Nova A, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Alonso-Pena D: A new onychocryptosis classification and treatment plan. JAPMA 97: 389, 2007.
Ross WR: Treatment of the ingrown toenail and a new anesthetic method. Surg Clin North Am 49: 1499, 1969.
Yang G, Yanchar NL, Lo AY, et al: Treatment of ingrown toenails in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Surg 43: 931, 2008.
DeLauro NM, DeLauro TM: Onychocryptosis. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 21: 617, 2004.
Siegle RJ, Stewart R: Recalcitrant ingrowing nails: surgical approaches. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18: 744, 1992.
Griffin LY: Common sports injuries of the foot and ankle seen in children and adolescents. Orthop Clin North Am 25: 83, 1994.
Khunger N, Kandhari R: Ingrown toenails. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78: 279, 2012.
Haneke E: Controversies in the treatment of ingrown nails. Dermatol Res Pract 2012: 783924, 2012.
Gunal I, Kosay C, Veziroglu A, et al: Relationship between onychocryptosis and foot type and treatment with toe spacer: a preliminary investigation. JAPMA 93: 33, 2003.
Rauch C, Cherkaoui-Rbati M: Physics of nail conditions: why do ingrown nails always happen in the big toes? Phys Biol 11: 066004, 2014.
Tosti A, Peluso AM, Piraccini BM: Nail diseases in children. Adv Dermatol 13: 353, 1997.
Strutton DR, Kowalski JW, Glaser DA, et al: US prevalence of hyperhidrosis and impact on individuals with axillary hyperhidrosis: results from a national survey. J Am Acad Dermatol 51: 241, 2004.
Hatun S: Çocukluk Çağı Obezitesinin Dünya ve Türkiye'de Sıklığı/Durumu. Turk J Pediatr 1: 7, 2012.
Haricharan RN, Masquijo J, Bettolli M: Nail-fold excision for the treatment of ingrown toenail in children. J Pediatr 162: 398, 2013.
Sarifakioglu E, Yilmaz AE, Gorpelioglu C: Nail alterations in 250 infant patients: a clinical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 22: 741, 2008
Langford DT, Burke C, Robertson K: Risk factors in onychocryptosis. Br J Surg 76: 45, 1989.
Pearson HJ, Bury RN, Wapples J, et al: Ingrowing toenails: is there a nail abnormality? a prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 69: 840, 1987.
Ikard RW: Onychocryptosis. J Am Coll Surg 187: 96, 1998.
Balci S, Bostanci S, Ekmekci P, et al: A 15-year-old boy with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome associated with severe congenital malalignment of the toenails. Pediatr Dermatol 21: 44, 2004.
Ozdemir E, Bostanci S, Akyol A, et al: Congenital malalignment of the great toenails in a pair of monozygotic twins. JAPMA 95: 398, 2005.
Ingrown nail is a condition frequently seen in children and adolescents, the pain from which can affect their daily living activities and school performances. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children.
The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients aged 0 to 18 years presenting with ingrown nail were evaluated retrospectively from clinic records.
Sixty-two patients aged 3 to 18 years (mean age, 15 years; male to female ratio, 1.06) were enrolled. A total of 175 ingrown nails were evaluated (all of them were in the halluces, 54.3% of them were on the lateral margin). A positive family history of ingrown nail was present in 15.7%. High prevalences of incorrect nail cutting (72.1%), trauma (36.1%), poorly fitting shoes (29%), hyperhidrosis (12.9%), obesity (9.7%), and accompanying nail disorders (9.7%) were determined among the patients.
This study revealed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children. These data will be useful in preventing the occurrence of ingrown nail by revealing and then eliminating predisposing factors.