• 1. 

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 2017.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 2. 

    Mavrogenis AF , Antoniadou T & Dimopoulos L et al.: Current concepts for the evaluation and management of diabetic foot ulcers. Foot Ankle 3 : 513, 2018.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3. 

    Apelqvist J: Diagnostics and treatment of the diabetic foot. Endocrine 41 : 384, 2012.

  • 4. 

    Jneid J , Cassir N & Schuldiner S et al.: Exploring the microbiota of diabetic foot infections with culturomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8 : 1, 2018.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5. 

    Lipsky BA , Berendt AR & Deery HG et al.: Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Plast Reconstr Surg 117 : 212, 2006.

  • 6. 

    Brem H , Sheehan P & Rosenberg HJ et al.: Evidence-based protocol for diabetic foot ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg 117 : 193S, 2006.

  • 7. 

    Rice JB , Desai U & Cummings AKG et al.: Burden of diabetic foot ulcers for Medicare and private insurers. Diabetes 37 : 651, 2014.

  • 8. 

    Nelson EA , Meara SO & Craig D et al.: A series of systematic reviews to inform a decision analysis for sampling and treating infected diabetic foot ulcers. Health Technol Assess 10 : 1, 2006.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9. 

    Hingorani A , Lamuraglia GM & Henke P et al.: The management of diabetic foot: a clinical practice guideline by the Society for Vascular Surgery in collaboration with the American Podiatric Medical Association and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Vasc Surg 63 : 3S, 2016.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10. 

    Zelen CM , Serena TE & Gould L et al.: Treatment of chronic diabetic lower extremity ulcers with advanced therapies: a prospective, randomised, controlled, multi-centre comparative study examining clinical efficacy and cost. Int Wound J 13 : 272, 2015.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11. 

    Dinh TL & Veves A: The efficacy of Apligraf in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg 117 : 152S, 2006.

  • 12. 

    Hankin CS , Knispel J & Lopes M et al.: Clinical and cost efficacy of advanced wound care matrices for venous ulcers. J Manag Care Pharm 18 : 375, 2012.

  • 13. 

    Redekop WK , McDonnell J & Verboom P et al.: The cost effectiveness of Apligraf ® treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Pharmacoeconomics 21 : 1171, 2003.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14. 

    Schonfeld WH , Villa KF & Fastenau JM et al.: An economic assessment of Apligraf (Graftskin) for the treatment of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 8 : 251, 2000.

    • Crossref
    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15. 

    Lipsky BA & Berendt AR: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot wounds. Diabetes Care 33 : 1143, 2010.

  • 16. 

    Gray M & Ratliff CR: Is hyperbaric oxygen therapy effective for the management of chronic wounds? J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 33 : 21, 2006.

  • 17. 

    Chuck AW , Hailey D & Jacobs P et al.: Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2 : 178, 2018.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18. 

    Alexander L , Andreas S & Grabbe S et al.: Influence of pH on wound-healing: a new perspective for wound-therapy? Arch Dermatol Res 298 : 413, 2007.

  • 19. 

    Gethin G: The significance of surface pH in chronic wounds. Wounds UK 3 : 52, 2007.

  • 20. 

    Rushton I: Understanding the role of proteases and pH in wound healing. Nurs Stand 21 : 68, 2007.

  • 21. 

    McArdle C , Lagan KM & Mcdowell DA: The pH of wound fluid in diabetic foot ulcers: the way forward in detecting clinical infection? Curr Diabetes Rev 10 : 177, 2014.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22. 

    Löffler MW , Schuster H & Biochem D et al.: Wound fluid in diabetic foot ulceration: more than just an undefined soup? Int J Low Extrem Wounds 12: 113, 2013. [Q6]

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23. 

    Shukla VK , Sjukla D & Twary SK et al.: Evaluation of pH measurement as a method of wound assessment. J Wound Care 7 : 291, 2007.

  • 24. 

    Leveen HH , Falk G & Borek B et al.: Chemical acidification of wounds: an adjuvant to healing and the unfavorable action of alkalinity and ammonia. Ann Surg 6 : 745, 1973.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25. 

    Lonnqvist S , Emanuelsson P & Kratz G: Influence of acidic pH on keratinocyte function and re-epithelialilisation of human in vitro wounds. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 6 : 346, 2015.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26. 

    Martinez-De Jesus FR , Ramos-De la Medina A , Remes-Troche JM : Efficacy and safety of neutral pH superoxidised solution in severe diabetic foot infections. Int Wound J 4 : 353, 2007.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27. 

    Sharpe JR , Harris KL & Jubin K et al.: The effect of pH in modulating skin cell behaviour. Br J Dermatol 3 : 671, 2009.

  • 28. 

    Gethin GT , Cowman S & Conroy RM: The impact of Manuka honey dressings on the surface pH of chronic wounds. Int Wound J 2 : 185, 2008.

  • 29. 

    Thomas J , Linton S & Corum L et al.: The affect of pH and bacterial phenotypic state on antibiotic efficacy. Int Wound J 4 : 428, 2011.

The Effect of Wound pH on Healing Rates in Chronic Wounds: A Literature Review

Arthur Tarricone
Search for other papers by Arthur Tarricone in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 DPM, MPH
,
Karla De La Mata
Search for other papers by Karla De La Mata in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 DPM
,
Michael Rothstein
Search for other papers by Michael Rothstein in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
  NP
, and
Ronald L. Soave
Search for other papers by Ronald L. Soave in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 DPM
View More View Less

This literature review sought to evaluate the current state of knowledge and guidelines surrounding the role of pH in the recovery of chronic nonhealing wounds. A systematic review of PubMed examining the relationship between pH and wound healing was completed. Seven sources were retrieved for review. The development of a highly structured and reproducible system of pH-driven therapy may add to the treatment algorithm for chronic nonhealing wounds.

New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York, NY.

Corresponding author: Arthur Tarricone, MPH, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, 53 E 124th St, New York, NY 10035. (E-mail: atarricone2020@nycpm.edu)
Save