Advertisement
-
1
Cavanagh, PR, Lafortune MA: Ground reaction forces in distance running. J Biomech 13: 397, 1980.
-
2
Hreljac A, Marshall RN, Hume PA: Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32: 1635, 2000.
-
3
Pohl MB, Hamill J, Davis IS: Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clin J Sport Med 19: 372, 2009.
-
4
Becker J, Pisciotta E, James S et al.: Center of pressure trajectory differences between shod and barefoot running. Gait Posture 40: 504, 2014.
-
5
Hurd WJ, Kavros SJ, Kaufman KR: Comparative biomechanical effectiveness of over-the-counter devices for individuals with a flexible flatfoot secondary to forefoot varus. Clin J Sport Med 20: 428, 2010.
-
6
Tsujimoto N, Nunome H, Ikegami Y: Primary mechanical factors contributing to foot eversion moment during the stance phase of running. J Sports Sci 35: 898, 2017.
-
7
Tsujimoto N, Nunome H, Mizuno T et al.: Mechanical factors affecting the foot eversion moment during the stance phase of running in non-rearfoot strikers. Sports Biomech 20: 290, 2021.
-
8
Willwacher S, Potthast W, Konrad M et al.: Effect of heel construction on muscular control potential of the ankle joint in running. J Appl Biomech 29: 740, 2013.
-
9
Morio C, Lake MJ, Gueguen N et al.: The influence of footwear on foot motion during walking and running. J Biomech 42: 2081, 2009.
-
10
Kwong PK, Kay D, Voner RT et al.: Plantar fasciitis: mechanics and pathomechanics of treatment. Clin Sports Med 7: 119, 1988.
-
11
Nishikawa T, Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S et al.: Effects of prophylactic ankle supports on pronation during gait. Int Orthop 26: 381, 2002.
-
12
Buchbinder MR, Napora NJ, Biggs EW: The relationship of abnormal pronation to chondromalacia of the patella in distance runners. JAPA 69: 159, 1979.
-
13
Rodrigues P, TenBroek T, Hamill J: Runners with anterior knee pain use a greater percentage of their available pronation range of motion. J Appl Biomech 29: 141, 2013.
-
14
Tiberio D: The effect of excessive subtalar joint pronation on patellofemoral mechanics: a theoretical model. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 9: 160, 1987.
-
15
Becker J, James S, Osternig L et al.: Foot kinematics differ between runners with and without a history of navicular stress fractures. Orthop J Sports Med 6: 1, 2018.
-
16
Mousavi SH, Hijmans JM, Rajabi R et al.: Kinematic risk factors for lower limb tendinopathy in distance runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture 69: 13, 2019.
-
17
Okunuki T, Koshino Y, Yamanaka M et al.: Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running. J Orthop Res 37: 927, 2019.
-
18
Ito M, Tsubai J, Ujihashi S et al.: The moment lever arm is a predictor of the pronation in running. Footwear Sci 1(suppl 1): 91, 2009.
-
19
MacLean C, Davis IM, Hamill J: Influence of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics in healthy runners. Clin Biomech 21: 623, 2006.
-
20
MacLean CL, Davis IS, Hamill J: Short- and long-term influences of a custom foot orthotic intervention on lower extremity dynamics. Clin J Sport Med 18: 338, 2008.
-
21
Mundermann A, Nigg BM, Humble RN et al.: Foot orthotics affect lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during running. Clin Biomech 18: 254, 2003.
-
22
Williams DS, McClay DI, Baitch SP: Effect of inverted orthoses on lower-extremity mechanics in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 2060, 2003.
-
23
Braga UM, Mendonça LD, Mascarenhas RO et al.: Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment. Gait Posture 74: 242, 2019.
-
24
Kosonen J, Kulmala JP, Müller E et al.: Effects of medially posted insoles on foot and lower limb mechanics across walking and running in overpronating men. J Biomech 54: 58, 2017.
-
25
Bade MB, Chi TL, Farrell KC et al.: The use of a static measure to predict foot posture at midsupport during running. Int J Sports Phys Ther 11: 64, 2016.
-
26
Langley B, Cramp M, Morrison SC: Selected static foot assessments do not predict medial longitudinal arch motion during running. J Foot Ankle Res 8: 56, 2015.
-
27
McPoil TG, Cornwall MW: Prediction of dynamic foot posture during running using the longitudinal arch angle. JAPMA 97: 102, 2007.
-
28
Tsujimoto N: Prediction of the longitudinal arch angle during running for various foot strike patterns using a static longitudinal arch angle measurement. JAPMA 110: Article_6, 2020.
-
29
McIlroy WE, Maki BE: Preferred placement of the feet during quiet stance: development of a standardized foot placement for balance testing. Clin Biomech 12: 66, 1997.
-
30
Pohl MB, Messenger N, Buckley JG: Forefoot, rearfoot and shank coupling: effect of variations in speed and mode of gait. Gait Posture 25: 295, 2007.
Evaluation of a Method to Estimate Foot Eversion Moments During the Support Phase of Running
Search for other papers by Norio Tsujimoto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: Excessive external eversion moments acting on the ankle derived from the ground reaction force (GRF) during the support phase of running are considered a risk factor for overuse lower-limb injuries. The external eversion moment is considered to be dominated by the moment derived from the vertical GRF. However, no studies have directly evaluated the accuracy with which external eversion moment can be estimated with this information. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which external eversion moment can be estimated from external eversion moment derived from vertical GRF.
Methods: From three-dimensional foot coordinates and GRF data of 28 healthy participants, we computed external eversion moment (EMrun), center of the ankle coordinates (ANKrun), center of pressure coordinates (COPrun), and vertical GRF (VGRFrun) during the support phase of running. Moreover, we computed center of the ankle joint coordinates (ANKstand) and vertical GRF (VGRFstand) in the resting standing position.
Results: A highly significant correlation was observed between EMrun and external eversion moment derived from vertical GRF ([COPrun – ANKrun] × VGRFrun), with a contribution of 84.7%. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was observed between EMrun and (COPrun – ANKstand) × VGRFstand, with a contribution of 81.5%.
Conclusions: These results indicate that external eversion moment can be estimated from the external eversion moment derived from vertical GRF with high accuracy. Moreover, it was found that the accuracy did not decrease even if the data of center of ankle and vertical GRF were replaced with the data during standing.
