Torsional development of the lower extremity. Implications for in-toe and out-toe treatment

E Cohen-Sobel Division of Orthopedic Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, NY 10035.

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SJ Levitz Division of Orthopedic Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, NY 10035.

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The authors provide a comprehensive review of the nature, origins, and natural history of torsion of the lower extremity. Norms for children and adults are discussed, along with implications for treatment.

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