Gregory JL, Peters VZ, Harkless LB: “Amputation in the Foot,” in A Comprehensive Textbook of Foot Surgery, 2nd Ed, ed by ED McGlamry, AS Banks, MS Downey, p 1390, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1992..
McKittrick LS, McKittrick JB, Risley TS: Transmetatarsal amputation for infection or gangrene in patients with diabetes mellitus. .Ann Surg 130::826. ,1949. .
Garbolosa J: Foot function in diabetic patients after partial amputation. .Foot Ankle Int 17::43. ,1996. .
Hunter G: Results of minor foot amputations for ischemia of lower extremity in diabetics and nondiabetics. .Can J Surg 18::273. ,1975. .
Effeney DJ, Lim RC, Scheter WP: Transmetatarsal amputations. .Arch Surg 112::1366. ,1977. .
Durham J, McCoy DM, Sawchuk AP, et al: Open transmetatarsal amputation in the treatment of severe foot infection. .Amer J Surg 158::127. ,1989. .
Hobson M, Stonebridge PA, Clason A: Place of transmetatarsal amputations: a 5-year experience and review of the literature. .J R Coll Surg Edinb 35::113. ,1990. .
Hosch J, Quiroga C, Bosma J, et al: Outcomes of transmetatarsal amputations in patients with diabetes mellitus. .J Foot Ankle Surg 36::430. ,1997. .
Harris KA, Van Schie L, Carroll SE: Rehabilitation potential of elderly patients with major amputations. .J Cardiovasc Surg 32::463. ,1991. .
Lange TA, Nasca RJ: Traumatic partial foot amputations. .Clin Orthop 185::137. ,1984. .
McKittrick J: Transmetatarsal amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus. .Amer J Surg 33::779. ,1967. .
Pinzur M, Kaminsky M, Sage R, et al: Amputations at the middle level of the foot: a retrospective and perspective review. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 68::1061. ,1986. .
Sanders L, Dunlap G: Transmetatarsal amputation: a successful approach to limb salvage. .JAPMA 82::129. ,1992. .
Schwindt CD, Lulloff RS, Rogers SC: Transmetatarsal amputations. .Orthop Clin North Am 4::31. ,1973. .
Warren J: Transmetatarsal amputations in arterial deficiency of the lower extremity. .Surg 31::132. ,1952. .
Young A: Transmetatarsal amputation in the management of peripheral ischemia. .Am J Surg 134::604. ,1977. .
Data from 37 patients who underwent a transmetatarsal amputation from January 1993 to April 1996 were reviewed. The mean age and diabetes duration of the subjects were 54.9 (± 13.2) years and 16.6 (± 8.9) years, respectively. The follow-up period averaged 42.1 (± 11.2) months. At the time of follow-up, 29 (78.4%) of the 37 patients still had foot salvage, 8 (21.6%) had progressed to below-the-knee amputation, and 15 (40.5%) had undergone lower-extremity revascularization. Twelve (80%) of the 15 revascularized patients preserved their transmetatarsal amputation level at a follow-up of 36.4 months. The authors concluded that at a maximum of 3 years follow-up after initial amputation, transmetatarsal amputation was a successful amputation level. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(10): 533-535, 2001)