Cofield RH, Morrison MJ, Beabout JW: Diabetic neuroarthropathy in the foot: patient characteristics and patterns of radiographic change. .Foot Ankle 4::15. ,1983. .
Jeffcoate W, Lima J, Nobrega L: The Charcot foot. .Diabet Med 17::253. ,2000. .
Sella EJ, Barrette C: Staging of Charcot neuroarthropathy along the medial column of the foot in the diabetic patient. .J Foot Ankle Surg 38::34. ,1999. .
McCrory JL, Morag E, Norkitis AJ, et al: Healing of Charcot fractures: skin temperature and radiographic correlates. .Foot 8::158. ,1998. .
McGill M, Molyneaux L, Bolton T, et al: Response of Charcot’s arthropathy to contact casting: assessment by quantitative techniques. .Diabetologia 43::481. ,2000. .
Armstrong DG, Lavery LA: Monitoring healing of acute Charcot’s arthropathy with infrared dermal thermometry. .J Rehabil Res Dev 34::317. ,1997. .
Edmonds ME, Clarke MB, Newton S, et al: Increased uptake of bone radiopharmaceutical in diabetic neuropathy. .Q J Med 224::843. ,1995. .
The monitoring of Charcot’s arthropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus is twofold: 1) assessment of disease activity as the condition progresses from the acute to the chronic phase, and 2) identification of structural abnormalities and complications that may arise as a result of the disease. The former guides the clinician as to the duration of primary treatment, and the latter provides important information regarding the long-term prognosis and facilitates clinical decision making regarding other treatments including surgery, footwear, and orthoses. The mainstay of assessing disease activity remains thorough and regular assessment of swelling, temperature differences, and bony abnormalities. Radiographic assessment performed at baseline and periodically throughout the course of the disease will show stages of early fracture and fragmentation followed by eventual trabecular bridging, ankylosis of the affected joints, and sclerosis, heralding the chronic phase of the disease. Radiographic assessment also provides visualization of bony deformities and prominences. In addition to these assessments, changes may be further quantified by the use of infrared dermal thermography and quantitative bone scanning techniques. Careful clinical monitoring of patients is essential to optimize treatment for acute Charcot’s arthropathy and improve the long-term outcome for patients presenting with this condition. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(7): 384-389, 2002)