Krausz CE: A nail survey of 4600 patients. .JAPA 40::11. ,1950. .
Krausz CE: Nail survey (1942–1970). .Br J Chirop 35::117. ,1970. .
Boll OF: Surgical correction of ingrowing nails. .J Natl Assoc Chiropodists 35::8. ,1945. .
Travers GR, Ammon RG: The sodium hydroxide chemical matrixectomy procedure. .JAPA 70::476. ,1980. .
Espensen EH, Nixon BP, Armstrong DG: Chemical matrixectomy for ingrown toenails: is there an evidence basis to guide therapy?. JAPMA 92::287. ,2002. .
Kimata Y, Uetake M, Tsukado S, et al: Follow-up study of patients treated for ingrown nails with the nail matrix phenolization method. .Plast Reconstr Surg 95::719. ,1995. .
Zaborszky Z, Fekete L, Tauzin F, et al: Treatment of ingrowing toenail with segmental chemical ablation. .Acta Chir Hung 36::398. ,1997. .
Rinaldi R, Sabia M, Gross J: The treatment and prevention of infection in phenol alcohol matricectomies. .JAPA 72::453. ,1982. .
Mori H, Umeda T, Nishioka K, et al: Ingrown nails: a comparison of the nail matrix phenolization method with the elevation of the nail bed–periosteal flap procedure. .J Dermatol 25::1. ,1998. .
Gerritsma-Bleeker C, Klaase J, Geelkerken R, et al: Partial matrix excision or segmental phenolization for ingrowing toenails. .Arch Surg 13::320. ,2002. .
Tait GR, Tuck JS: Surgical or phenol ablation of the nail bed for ingrowing toenails: a randomised controlled trial. .J R Coll Surg Edinb 32::358. ,1987. .
Winograd AM: A modification in the technic of operation for ingrown toenail. .JAMA 91::229. ,1929. .
Winograd AM: Results in operation for ingrown toenail. .Ill Med J 70::197. ,1936. .
Frost LA: Root resection for incurvated nail. .JAPA 40::19. ,1950. .
Frost LA: Surgical correction for the incurvated nail. .Curr Med Dig 29::119. ,1962. .
Zadick FR: Obliteration of the nail bed of the great toe without shortening the terminal phalanx. .J Bone Joint Surg Br 32::66. ,1950. .
Burns SA, Ketai RS, Ketai NH: Onychocryptosis: a brief overview. .JAPA 67::780. ,1977. .
Kaplan I, Labandter H: Onychogryphosis treated with CO2 surgical laser. .Br J Plast Surg 29::102. ,1976. .
Apfelberg DB, Rothermel E, Widtfeldt A, et al: Preliminary report on use of carbon dioxide laser in podiatry. .JAPA 74::509. ,1984. .
Borovoy M, Fuller TA, Holtz P, et al: Laser surgery in podiatric medicine: present and future. .J Foot Surg 22::353. ,1983. .
Leshin B, Whitaker DC: Carbon dioxide laser matrixectomy. .J Dermatol Surg 14::6. ,1988. .
Yang KC, Li YT: Treatment of recurrent ingrown great toenail associated with granulation tissue by partial nail avulsion followed by matricectomy with sharpulse carbon dioxide laser. .Dermatol Surg 28::419. ,2002. .
Takahashi M, Narisawa Y: Radical surgery for ingrown toenails by partial resection of the nail plate and matrix using a carbon dioxide laser. .J Cutan Laser Ther 2::21. ,2000. .
Lin YC, Su HY: A surgical approach to ingrown nail: partial matrixectomy using CO2 laser. .Dermatol Surg 28::578. ,2002. .
Sugden P, Levy M, Rao G: Onychocryptosis-phenol burn fiasco. .Burns 27::289. ,2001. .
Hobbs ER, Bailin PL, Wheeland RG, et al: Superpulsed lasers: minimizing thermal damage with short duration, high irradiance pulses. .J Dermatol Surg Oncol 13::955. ,1987. .
Moridani MY, Siraki A, O’Brien PJ: Quantitative structure toxicity relationships for phenols in isolated rat hepatocytes. .Chem Biol Interact 145::2133. ,2003. .
US Environmental Protection Agency: Integrated Information System (IRIS) on Phenol, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office for Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati. ,1993. .
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profile for Phenol, US Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta. ,1989. .
Calabrese EJ, Kenyon EM: Air Toxics and Risk Assessment, ed by EJ Calabrese, p 483, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. ,1991. .
US Environmental Protection Agency: Technical Background Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant to the Clean Air Act Section 112(g): Ranking of Pollutants with Respect to Hazard to Human Health, Emissions Standards Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. ,1994. .
Banks A, Downey M, Martin D, et al: “Nails,” in McGlamry’s Comprehensive Textbook of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Vol 1, ed by A Banks, M Downey, D Martin, et al, p 203, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. ,2001. .
Ingrown toenails are one of the most common pathologic conditions encountered in podiatric medical practice. Many methods of treatment for ingrown toenails have been used and studied, including chemical matrixectomies, surgical approaches, and CO2 laser ablation. This study is a retrospective review of a new technique that consists of resection of the involved nail matrix using a No. 15 blade and controlled cauterization using a CO2 laser. The technique was performed on 381 painful ingrown toenails, and all of the patients were followed up postoperatively for an average of 34 months. The results showed minimal pain, a low recurrence rate, rapid return to activity, and good cosmesis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(2): 175–179, 2005)