advertising
-
1
Hreljac A: Impact and overuse injuries in runners. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 36::845. ,2004. .
-
2
James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR: Injuries to runners. .Am J Sports Med 6::40. ,1978. .
-
3
Milner CE, Ferber R, Pollard CD, et al: Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 38::323. ,2006. .
-
4
Nigg BM, Herzog W, Read LJ: Effect of viscoelastic shoe insoles on vertical impact forces in heel-toe running. .Am J Sports Med 16::70. ,1988. .
-
5
Schwellnus MP, Jordaan G, Noakes TD: Prevention of common overuse injuries by the use of shock absorbing insoles: a prospective study. .Am J Sports Med 18::636. ,1990. .
-
6
Milgrom C, Finestone A, Shlamkovitch N, et al: Prevention of overuse injuries of the foot by improved shoe shock attenuation: a randomized prospective study. .Clin Orthop Relat Res 281::189. ,1992. .
-
7
Mundermann A, Stefanyshyn DJ, Nigg BM: Relationship between footwear comfort of shoe inserts and anthropometric and sensory factors. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 33::1939. ,2001. .
-
8
Gardner LI, Jr, Dziados JE, Jones BH, et al: Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures: a controlled trial of a shock absorbent insole. .Am J Public Health 78::1563. ,1988. .
-
9
Withnall R, Eastaugh J, Freemantle N: Do shock absorbing insoles in recruits undertaking high levels of physical activity reduce lower limb injury? a randomized controlled trial. .J R Soc Med 99::32. ,2006. .
-
10
Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, et al: The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 34::32. ,2002. .
-
11
Jones BH, Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, et al: Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures in athletes and soldiers: a systematic review. .Epidemiol Rev 24::228. ,2002. .
-
12
Shiba N, Kitaoka HB, Cahalan TD, et al: Shock-absorbing effect of shoe insert materials commonly used in management of lower extremity disorders. .Clin Orthop Relat Res 310::130. ,1995. .
-
13
Johnson GR: The effectiveness of shock-absorbing insoles during normal walking. .Prosthet Orthot Int 12::91. ,1988. .
-
14
Windle CM, Gregory SM, Dixon SJ: The shock attenuation characteristics of four different insoles when worn in a military boot during running and marching. .Gait Posture 9::31. ,1999. .
-
15
Butler RJ, Davis IM, Laughton CM, et al: Dual-function foot orthosis: effect on shock and control of rearfoot motion. .Foot Ankle Int 24::410. ,2003. .
-
16
Mundermann A, Nigg BM, Humble RN, et al: Orthotic comfort is related to kinematics, kinetics, and EMG in recreational runners. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 35::1710. ,2003. .
-
17
Laughton CA, Davis IM, Hamill J: Effect of strike pattern and orthotic intervention on tibial shock during running. .J Appl Biomech 19::163. ,2003. .
-
18
Cinats J, Reid DC, Haddow JB: A biomechanical evaluation of sorbothane. .Clin Orthop Relat Res 222::281. ,1987. .
-
19
Miller JE, Nigg BM, Liu W, et al: Influence of foot, leg and shoe characteristics on subjective comfort. .Foot Ankle Int 21::759. ,2000. .
-
20
Shorten MR, Winslow DS: Spectral analysis of impact shock during running. .Int J Sport Biomech 8::288. ,1992. .
-
21
Yingling VR, Yack HJ, White SC: The effect of rearfoot motion on attenuation of the impulse wave at impact during running. .J Appl Biomech 12::313. ,1996. .
-
22
Derrick TR, Dereu D, McLean SP: Impacts and kinematic adjustments during an exhaustive run. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 34::998. ,2002. .
-
23
Lafortune MA, Henning E, Valiant GA: Tibial shock measured with bone and skin mounted transducers. .J Biomech 28::989. ,1995. .
-
24
Dixon SJ, Waterworth C, Smith CV, et al: Biomechanical analysis of running in military boots with new and degraded insoles. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 35::472. ,2003. .
-
25
House CM, Dixon SJ, Allsopp AJ: User trial and insulation tests to determine whether shock-absorbing insoles are suitable for use by military recruits during training. .Mil Med 169::741. ,2004. .
-
26
Derrick TR: The effects of knee contact angle on impact forces and accelerations. .Med Sci Sports Exerc 36::832. ,2004. .
-
27
Pratt DJ: Medium term comparison of shock attenuating insoles using a spectral analysis technique. .J Biomed Eng 10::426. ,1988. .
Effect of Cushioned Insoles on Impact Forces During Running
Search for other papers by Katherine O’Leary in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kristin Anderson Vorpahl in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Bryan Heiderscheit in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: The use of cushioned or shock-absorbing insoles has been suggested as a mechanism to reduce the impact forces associated with running, thereby protecting against overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of cushioned insoles reduced impact forces during running in healthy subjects.
Methods: Sixteen recreational runners (9 females and 7 males) ran at a self-selected pace for five trials with and without the use of cushioned insoles. During each trial, ground reaction forces, tibial accelerations, lower-extremity kinematics, and subject-perceived comfort were recorded. All variables were tested with the level of statistical significance set at α = .05.
Results: The use of cushioned insoles resulted in significant reductions in mean vertical ground reaction force peak impact (6.8%) and ground reaction force loading rate (8.3%), as well as peak tibial acceleration (15.8%). Spectral analysis of the tibial acceleration data in the frequency range associated with impact accelerations (12–25 Hz) revealed no change in the predominant frequency or the power of the predominant frequency. The knee flexion angle at initial contact and perceived comfort were similar for the two conditions.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of one type of cushioned insole in reducing peak impact force and tibial acceleration at initial foot-ground contact during running. The impact reduction observed was independent of knee kinematic adjustments or changes in perceived comfort. Further study is required to determine whether the reduction in loading that accompanied the use of the cushioned insoles can affect the incidence of running-related injuries. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(1): 36–41, 2008)
advertising
