advertising
-
1
Kung H-S, Hoyert DL, Xu J, et al: Deaths: final data for 2005. National Vital Statistics Reports. Available at: http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htm. Accessed October 6. ,2008. .
-
2
Moulik PK, Mtonga R, Gill GV: Amputation and mortality in new-onset diabetic foot ulcers stratefied by etiology. .Diabetes Care 26::491. ,2003. .
-
3
Schofield CJ, Libby G, Brennan GM, et al: Mortality and hospitalization in patients after amputation. .Diabetes Care 29::2252. ,2006. .
-
4
Jeffcoate WJ, Chipchase SY, Ince P, et al: Assessing the outcome of the management of diabetic foot ulcers using ulcer-related and person-related measures. .Diabetes Care 29::1784. ,2006. .
-
5
Resnick HE, Carter EA, Lindsay RS, et al: Relation of lower-extremity amputation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in American Indians: the strong heart study. .Diabetes Care 27::1286. ,2004. .
-
6
Faglia E, Favales F, Morabito A: New ulceration, new major amputation, and survival rates in diabetic subjects hospitalized for foot ulceration from 1990 to 1993. .Diabetes Care 24::78. ,2001. .
-
7
Naschitz JE, Lenger R: Why traumatic leg amputees are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. .Q J Med 101::251. ,2008. .
-
8
Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Agardh CD: Long-term prognosis for diabetic patients with foot ulcers. .J Intern Med 233::485. ,1993. .
-
9
Norman PE, Davis WA, Bruce DG, et al: Peripheral arterial disease and risk of cardiac death in type 2 diabetes. .Diabetes Care 29::575. ,2006. .
-
10
Franco OH, Steyerberg EW, Hu FB, et al: Associations of diabetes mellitus with total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease. .Arch Intern Med 167::1145. ,2007. .
-
11
Leibson CL, Ransom JE, Olson W, et al: Peripheral arterial disease, diabetes and mortality. .Diabetes Care 27::2843. ,2004. .
-
12
Tentolouris N, Al-Sabbagh S, Walker MG, et al: Mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after amputations performed from 1990 to 1995. .Diabetes Care 27::1598. ,2004. .
-
13
Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, et al: Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the strong heart study. .Circulation 109::733. ,2004. .
-
14
Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, et al: Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population ≥ 40 years of age with and without diabetes. .Diabetes Care 27::1591. ,2004. .
-
15
Ramsey SD, Newton K, Blough D, et al: Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. .Diabetes Care 22::382. ,1999. .
-
16
Peters JG, Lavery LA: Effectiveness of the diabetic foot risk classification system of the international working group on the diabetic foot. .Diabetes Care 24::1442. ,2001. .
-
17
Stone PA, Back MR, Armstrong PA, et al: Midfoot amputations expand limb salvage rates for diabetic foot infections. .Annals Vasc Surg 19::805. ,2005. .
-
18
Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Maynard C, et al: The epidemiology of lower-extremity disease in veterans with diabetes. .Diabetes Care 27: (Suppl 2):B39. ,2004. .
-
19
Armstrong DG, Wrobel J, Robbins JM: Guest editorial: are diabetes-related wounds and amputations worse than cancer?. Int Wound J 4::286. ,2007. .
-
20
World Health Organization: Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. ,2003. .
-
21
Fisher JD, Fisher WA: Changing AIDS-Risk behaviors. .Psychol Bull 111::455. ,1992. .
-
22
Carey MP, Kalichman SC, Forsyth AD, et al: Enhancing motivation to reduce the risk of HIV infection for economically disadvantaged urban women. .J Consult Clin Psychol 65::531. ,1997. .
-
23
Rollnick S, Mason P, Butler C: Health behavior change: A guide for practitioners, Churchhill Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland. ,2003. .
-
24
Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC: Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrated model of change. .J Consult Clin Psychol 51::390. ,1983. .
-
25
Prochaska JO, Johnson S, Lee P: “The transtheoretical model of behavior change,” in The Handbook of Health Behavior Change, 2nd Ed, ed by SA Shumaker, EB Schram, JK Ockene, et al, p 59, Springer Publishing, NY. ,1998. .
-
26
Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational interviewing: preparing people for change. 2nd Ed., Guilford Press, New York. ,2002. .
-
27
Miller WR, Rollnick S: Talking oneself into change. Motivational interviewing: stages of change and therapeutic process. .J Cog Psychother 18::299. ,2004. .
-
28
Bandura A: Self-Efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavior change. .Psychol Rev 84::191. ,1977. .
Mortality Rates and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Is it Time to Communicate Mortality Risk to Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulceration?
Search for other papers by Jeffrey M. Robbins in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gerald Strauss in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David Aron in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jodi Long in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jennifer Kuba in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Yelena Kaplan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Five-year mortality rates after new-onset diabetic ulceration have been reported between 43% and 55% and up to 74% for patients with lower-extremity amputation. These rates are higher than those for several types of cancer including prostate, breast, colon, and Hodgkin’s disease. These alarmingly high 5-year mortality rates should be addressed more aggressively by patients and providers alike. Cardiovascular diseases represent the major causal factor, and early preventive interventions to improve life expectancy in this most vulnerable patient cohort are essential. New-onset diabetic foot ulcers should be considered a marker for significantly increased mortality and should be aggressively managed locally, systemically, and psychologically. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(6): 489–493, 2008)
advertising
advertising
