• 1

    Fialka-Moser V, Uher EM, Lack W: Postural disorders in children and adolescents. .Wien Med Wochenschr 144::577. ,1994. .

  • 2

    Sweeting K, Mock M: Gait and posture: assessment in general practice. .Aust Fam Physician 36::398. ,2007. .

  • 3

    Dietz FR: Intoeing—fact, fiction and opinion. .Am Fam Physician 50::1249. ,1994. .

  • 4

    Kumar SJ, MacEwen GD: Torsional abnormalities in children’s lower extremities. .Orthop Clin North Am 13::629. ,1982. .

  • 5

    Hart ES, Grottkau BE, Rebello GN, et al: The newborn foot: diagnosis and management of common conditions. .Orthop Nurs 24::313. ,2005. .

  • 6

    Bielski RJ, Gesell MW, Teng AL, et al: Orthopaedic implications of multiple gestation pregnancy with triplets. .J Pediatr Orthop 26::129. ,2006. .

  • 7

    Mankin KP, Zimbler S: Gait and leg alignment: what’s normal and what’s not. .Contemp Pediatr 14::41. ,1997. .

  • 8

    Bleck EE: Metatarsus adductus: classification and relationship to outcomes of treatment. .J Pediatr Orthop 3::2. ,1983. .

  • 9

    McCrea JD: Pediatric Orthopaedics of the Lower Extremity, Futura Publishing, New York. ,1985. .

  • 10

    Churgay CA: Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric foot deformities. .Am Fam Physician 47::883. ,1993. .

  • 11

    Katz K, David R, Soudry M: Below-knee plaster cast for the treatment of metatarsus adductus. .J Pediatr Orthop 19::49. ,1999. .

  • 12

    Rang M: “Toeing In and Toeing Out: Gait Disorders,” in The Art and Practice of Children’s Orthopaedics, ed by DR Wenger, M Rang, Raven Press, New York. ,1993. .

  • 13

    Allen WD, Weiner DS, Riley PM: The treatment of rigid metatarsus adductovarus with the use of a new hinged adjustable shoe orthosis. .Foot Ankle 14::450. ,1993. .

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14

    Asirvatham R, Stevens PM: Idiopathic forefoot-adduction deformity: medial capsulotomy and abductor hallucis lengthening for resistant and severe deformities. .J Pediatr Orthop 17::496. ,1997. .

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15

    Steytler JC, Van der Walt ID: Correction of resistant adduction of the forefoot in congenital club-foot and congenital metatarsus varus by metatarsal osteotomy. .Br J Surg 53::558. ,1966. .

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16

    Harley BD, Fritzhand AJ, Little JM, et al: Abductory midfoot osteotomy procedure for metatarsus adductus. .J Foot Ankle Surg 34::153. ,1995. .

  • 17

    Ferrari J, Malone-Lee J: A radiographic study of the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus. .J Foot Ankle Surg 42::9. ,2003. .

  • 18

    Yu GV, Wallace GF: “Metatarsus Adductus,” in Comprehensive Textbook of Foot Surgery, 2nd Ed, ed by ED McGlamry, AS Banks, MS Downey, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ,1992. .

  • 19

    Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PR: Muscles: Testing and Function, 5th Ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. ,2005. .

  • 20

    Losa Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa R, Saez Crespo A: Actitudes posturales en el aula nocivas para el miembro inferior [Postural attitudes in the classroom harmful to the lower limb], p 69, Ediciones CERSA, Madrid. ,2007. .

  • 21

    Schwartz M, Lakin G: The effect of tibial torsion on the dynamic function of the soleus during gait. .Gait Posture 17::113. ,2003. .

  • 22

    Cuadrado R, Lopez T, Renones B: Higiene postural en la etapa escolar [Postural hygiene in the school period]. .Fisioterapia 15::97. ,1993. .

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23

    Vicas-Kunse P: Educating our children: the pilot school program. .Occup Med 7::173. ,1992. .

  • 24

    Schroder I: Variations of sitting posture and physical activity in different types of school furniture. .Coll Antropol 21::397. ,1997. .

  • 25

    Parcells C, Stommel M, Hubbard RP: Mismatch of classroom furniture and student body dimensions: empirical findings and health implications. .J Adolesc Health 24::265. ,1999. .

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26

    Cotton LM, O’Connell DG, Palmer PP, et al: Mismatch of school desks and chairs by ethnicity and grade level in middle school. .Work 18::269. ,2002. .

Poor Sitting Posture and Metatarsus Adductus Deformity

Marta Elena Losa IglesiasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, Madrid 28040, Spain

Search for other papers by Marta Elena Losa Iglesias in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 PhD
,
Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa VallejoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, Madrid 28040, Spain

Search for other papers by Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 DPM, PhD
,
Antonio Saez CrespoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, Madrid 28040, Spain

Search for other papers by Antonio Saez Crespo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MD, PhD
, and
Paloma Salvadores FuentesUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, Madrid 28040, Spain

Search for other papers by Paloma Salvadores Fuentes in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 PhD
View More View Less