Segal D, Wasilewski S: Total dislocation of the talus: case report. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 62::1370. ,1980. .
Papaioannou NA, Kokoroghiannis CG, Karachalios GG: Traumatic extrusion of the talus (missing talus). .Foot Ankle Int 19::590. ,1998. .
Leitner B: Total luxation des talus und ihre vorstufen. .Ergebn Chir Orthop 38::93. ,1952. .
Schuind F, Adrianne Y, Burny F: Fractures et luxations de l’astragale. .Acta Orthop Belg 49::652. ,1983. .
O’Brien ET: Injuries of the talus. .Am Fam Physician 12::95. ,1975. .
Leitner B: The mechanism of total dislocation of the talus. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 37::89. ,1955. .
Palomo-Traver JM, Cruz-Renovell E, Granell-Beltran V, et al: Open total talus dislocation: case report and review of the literature. .J Orthop Trauma 11::45. ,1997. .
McKeever FM: Fracture of the neck of the astragalus. .Arch Surg 46::720. ,1943. .
Sneed WL: The astragalus: a case of dislocation, excision and replacement: an attempt to demonstrate the circulation in this bone. .J Bone Joint Surg 7::384. ,1925. .
Kay RM, Tang CW: Pediatric foot fractures: evaluation and treatment. .J Am Acad Orthop Surg 9::308. ,2001. .
Canale ST, Kelly FB Jr: Fractures of the neck of the talus: long term evaluation of seventy-one cases. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 60::143. ,1978. .
Archdeacon M, Wilber R: Fractures of the talar neck. .Orthop Clin North Am 33::247. ,2002. .
Marsh JL, Saltzman CL, Iverson M, et al: Major open injuries of the talus. .J Orthop Trauma 9::371. ,1995. .
Sanders R, Pappas J, Mast J, et al: The salvage of open grade IIIB ankle and talus fractures. .J Orthop Trauma 6::201. ,1992. .
Itokazu M, Matsunaga T, Tanaka S: Ankle arthroplasty by excision of the talar body: subtotal talectomy. .Foot Ankle Int 15::191. ,1994. .
Gunal I: Talectomy for osteoporotic and neuropathic feet: 7 cases followed for 2–3 years. .Acta Orthop Scand 65::349. ,1994. .
Joseph TN, Myerson MS: Use of talectomy in modern foot and ankle surgery. .Foot Ankle Clin 9::775. ,2004. .
Detenbeck LC, Kelly PJ: Total dislocation of the talus. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 51::283. ,1969. .
Asselineau A, Augereau B, Bombart M, et al: Les enucleations partielles ou totales de l’astragale: interet du traitmant conservateur. .Rev Chir Orthop 75::34. ,1989. .
Coltart WD: Avaitor’s astragalus. .J Bone Joint Surg Br 34::545. ,1952. .
Pennal GF: Fractures of the talus. .Clin Orthop 30::53. ,1963. .
Gunal I, Atilla S, Arac S: A new technique of talectomy for severe fracture-dislocation of the talus. .J Bone Joint Surg Br 75::69. ,1993. .
Brewster NT, Maffulli N: Reimplantation of totally extruded talus. .J Orthop Trauma 11::42. ,1997. .
Assal M, Stern R: Total extrusion of the talus. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 86::2726. ,2004. .
Hiraizumi Y, Hara T, Takahashi M, et al: Open total dislocation of the talus with extrusion (missing talus). .Foot Ankle 13::473. ,1992. .
Ritsema GH: Total talar dislocation. .J Trauma 28::692. ,1998. .
Smith CS, Nork SE, Sangeorzan BJ: The extruded talus: results of reimplantation. .J Bone Joint Surg Am 88::2418. ,2006. .
Talar extrusion in a 13-year-old child was treated by means of open reduction and 10 weeks of cast immobilization. At 1.5 years of follow-up, the patient had full range of motion in the ankle and no signs of avascular necrosis or arthritis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(5): 431–434, 2009)