advertising
-
1
Mendonça LDM, Macedo LG, Fonseca ST, et al: Comparison of the anatomical alignment of lower limbs between healthy individuals and those with patellar tendinosis. .Rev Bras Fisioterapia 9::101. ,2005. .
-
2
Michaud TC: Foot Orthoses and Other Forms of Conservative Foot Care, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. ,1993. .
-
3
Levinger P, Gilleard W: Tibia and rearfoot motion and ground reaction forces in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome during walking. .Gait Posture 25::2. ,2007. .
-
4
Tiberio D: Pathomechanics of structural foot deformities. .Phys Ther 68::1840. ,1988. .
-
5
Gross KD, Niu J, Zhang YQ, et al: Varus foot alignment and hip conditions in older adults. .Arthritis Rheum 56::2993. ,2007. .
-
6
Viitasalo JT, Kvist M: Some biomechanical aspects of the foot and ankle in athletes with and without shin splints. .Am J Sports Med 11::125. ,1983. .
-
7
Lafortune MA, Cavanagh PR, Sommer HJ, et al: Foot inversion-eversion and knee kinematics during walking. .J Orthop Res 12::412. ,1994. .
-
8
Nester CJ, van der Linden ML, Bowker P: Effect of foot orthoses on the kinematics and kinetics of normal walking gait. .Gait Posture 17::180. ,2003. .
-
9
Simoneau GG: “Kinesiology of Walking,” in Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Physical Rehabilitation, Vol 1, ed by DA Neumann, p 523, Mosby, St. Louis. ,2002. .
-
10
Glasoe WM, Allen MK, Ludewig PM: Comparison of first ray dorsal mobility among different forefoot alignments. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 30::612. ,2000. .
-
11
Fonseca ST, Ocarino JM, Silva PLP, et al: “Integration of Stresses and Their Relationship to the Kinetic Chain,” in Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Vol 1, ed by DJ Magee, JE Zachazewsky, WS Quillem, p 476, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis. ,2007. .
-
12
Preece SJ, Graham-Smith P, Nester CJ, et al: The influence of gluteus maximus on transverse plane tibial rotation. .Gait Posture 27::616. ,2008. .
-
13
Bellchamber TL, van den Bogert AJ: Contributions of proximal and distal moments to axial tibial rotation during walking and running. .J Biomech 33::1397. ,2000. .
-
14
Garbalosa JC, McClure MH, Catlin PA, et al: The frontal plane relationship of the forefoot to the rearfoot in an asymptomatic population. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 20::200. ,1994. .
-
15
Tomaro J: Measurement of tibiofibular varum in subjects with unilateral overuse symptoms. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 21::86. ,1995. .
-
16
Astrom M, Arvidson T: Alignment and joint motion in the normal foot. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 22::216. ,1995. .
-
17
Magee DJ: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, Vol 3, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia. ,2005. .
-
18
Ferber R, Davis IM, Williams DS III: Effect of foot orthotics on rearfoot and tibia joint coupling patterns and variability. .J Biomech 38::477. ,2005. .
-
19
Schache AG, Baker R, Lamoreux LW: Influence of thigh cluster configuration on the estimation of hip axial rotation. .Gait Posture 27::60. ,2008. .
-
20
Manal K, McClay I, Stanhope S, et al: Comparison of surface mounted markers and attachment methods in estimating tibial rotations during walking: an in vivo study. .Gait Posture 11::38. ,2000. .
-
21
Ghoussayni S, Stevens C, Durham S, et al: Assessment and validation of a simple automated method for the detection of gait events and intervals. .Gait Posture 20::266. ,2004. .
-
22
Winter DA: Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Vol 3, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken. ,2005. .
-
23
Portney LG, Watkins MP: Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, Vol 2, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River. ,2000. .
-
24
Donatelli R, Wooden M, Ekedahl SR, et al: Relationship between static and dynamic foot postures in professional baseball players. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29::316. ,1999. .
-
25
Cheung RT, Ng GY: Influence of different footwear on force of landing during running. .Phys Ther 88::620. ,2008. .
-
26
Leardini A, Benedetti MG, Berti L, et al: Rear-foot, midfoot and fore-foot motion during the stance phase of gait. .Gait Posture 25::453. ,2007. .
-
27
Meeuwisse WH: Athletic injury etiology: distinguishing between interaction and confounding. .Clin J Sport Med 4::171. ,1994. .
-
28
Eng JJ, Pierrynowski MR: The effect of soft foot orthotics on three-dimensional lower-limb kinematics during walking and running. .Phys Ther 74::836. ,1994. .
-
29
Eng JJ, Pierrynowski MR: Evaluation of soft foot orthotics in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. .Phys Ther 73::62. ,1993. .
-
30
Nawoczenski DA, Saltzman CL, Cook TM: The effect of foot structure on the three-dimensional kinematic coupling behavior of the leg and the rear foot. .Phys Ther 78::404. ,1998. .
-
31
Lutter LD: Foot-related knee problems in the long distance runner. .Foot Ankle 1::112. ,1980. .
-
32
Noble CA: Iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners. .Am J Sports Med 8::232. ,1980. .
-
33
Nawoczenski DA, Saltzman CL, Cook TM: The effect of foot orthotics on three-dimensional kinematics of the leg and rearfoot during running. .J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 21::317. ,1995. .
-
34
Westblad P, Hashimoto T, Winson I, et al: Differences in ankle-joint complex motion during the stance phase of walking as measured by superficial and bone anchored markers. .Foot Ankle Int 23::856. ,2002. .
-
35
Chiari L, Della Croce U, Leardini A, et al: Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 2: Instrumental errors. .Gait Posture 21::197. ,2005. .
-
36
Levens AS, Inman VT, Blosser JA: Transverse rotation of the segments of the lower extremity in locomotion. .J Bone Joint Surg 30A::854. ,1948. .
Late Rearfoot Eversion and Lower-limb Internal Rotation Caused by Changes in the Interaction between Forefoot and Support Surface
Search for other papers by Thales R. Souza in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rafael Z. Pinto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Renato G. Trede in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Renata N. Kirkwood in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Antônio E. Pertence in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sérgio T. Fonseca in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Background: The influence of distal mechanical factors that change the interaction between the forefoot and the support surface on lower-limb kinematics is not well established. This study investigated the effects of the use of lateral wedges under the forefoot on the kinematics of the lower extremity during the stance phase of walking.
Methods: Sixteen healthy young adults participated in this repeated-measures study. They walked wearing flat sandals and laterally wedged sandals, which were medially inclined only in the forefoot. One wedged sandal had a forefoot lateral wedge of 5° and the other wedged sandal had a forefoot lateral wedge of 10°. Kinematic variables of the lower extremity, theoretically considered clinically relevant for injury development, were measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The variables were evaluated for three subphases of stance: loading response, midstance, and late stance.
Results: The 5° laterally wedged sandal increased rearfoot eversion during midstance and the 10° laterally wedged sandal increased rearfoot eversion during mid- and late stances, in comparison to the use of flat sandals. The 10° laterally wedged sandal produced greater internal rotation of the shank relative to the pelvis and of the hip joint, during the midstance, also compared to the use of flat sandals.
Conclusions: Lateral wedges under the forefoot increase rearfoot eversion during mid-and late stances and may cause proximal kinematic changes throughout the lower-extremity kinetic chain. Distal mechanical factors should be clinically addressed when a patient presents late excessive rearfoot eversion during walking. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(6): 503–511, 2009)
advertising
