The March Against Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Sanitization Methods for Shoes, Socks, and Textiles

Aditya K. Gupta Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Aaron J. Simkovich Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Ontario, Canada

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Deanna C. Hall Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Ontario, Canada

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Abstract

Drug based treatment of superficial fungal infections, such as onychomycosis, is not the only defense. Sanitization of footwear such as shoes, socks/stockings, and other textiles is integral to the prevention of recurrence, and reduction of spread for superficial fungal mycoses. The goal of this review was to examine the available methods of sanitization for footwear and textiles against superficial fungal infections. A systematic literature search of various sanitization devices and methods that could be applied to footwear and textiles using PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE was performed. Fifty-four studies were found relevant to the different methodologies, devices, and techniques of sanitization as it pertains to superficial fungal infections of the feet. These included topics of basic sanitization, antifungal and antimicrobial materials, sanitization chemicals and powder, laundering, ultraviolet, ozone, non-thermal plasma, microwave radiation, essential oils, and natural plant extracts. In management of onychomycosis it is necessary to think beyond treatment of the nail, as infections enter through the skin. Those prone to onychomycosis should examine their environment, including surfaces, shoes, and socks, and ensure that proper sanitization is implemented.

Corresponding author: Aditya K. Gupta, MD, PhD, 645 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, Canada N5X 2P1. (E-mail: agupta@mediproberesearch.com)
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