Search Results
BACKGROUND:In this study, we evaluated to the relationship between the type of accessory navicular bone (ANB) and radiological parameters of foot in patients with bilateral ANB of different types. METHODS:Patients with bilateral ANB of different types participated in this study, from May 2019 to April 2020. Patient data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and presence of symptoms were obtained. We aimed to compare the radiological parameters of both the feet for evaluate the differences from one another in patients with bilateral ANB of different types (one side type 1 and contralateral side type 2) because the foot angles may differ in each person. Seven radiographic parameters were measured, including calcaneal pitch angle, talocalcaneal angle, tibiocalcaneal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, talonavicular coverage angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, and the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, which evaluated hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot alignment. RESULTS: Twenty patients (13 women and 7 men) with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 38.5 {plus minus} 12.3 years were included in the study. The patients had a mean height of 168.1 {plus minus} 7.1 cm, a mean weight of 77.2 {plus minus} 10.5 kg, and a mean BMI of 27.4 {plus minus} 4.3 kg/m2. There was no significant difference between type 1 and type 2 in all radiological parameters. There was no significant correlation between radiological parameters and age, BMI, or the presence of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the type of ANB had no effect on the radiological measurements of the foot in which we evaluate the parameters patients with bilateral ANB of different types. Additionally, age, BMI, and the presence of symptoms, also demonstrated no correlation with the radiological parameters of the foot.
The accessory navicular bone (ANB) is one of the most common accessory ossicles of the foot. Fewer than 1% of ANBs are symptomatic, and most of the symptomatic ANBs are type II ANBs. Avascular necrosis of the type II ANB is an uncommon cause of symptomatic accessory navicular syndrome and also a rarely reported condition in the podiatric medical literature. This rare disorder must be distinguished from other painful conditions of the ANB and should be considered in differential diagnoses. We present a case of avascular necrosis of the type II ANB with sclerosis on radiographs and magnetic resonance images in a 46-year-old woman.
Background: We evaluated the relationship between the type of accessory navicular bone (ANB) and radiographic parameters of the foot in patients with bilateral ANBs of different types.
Methods: Patients with bilateral ANBs of different types participated in this study between May 2019 and April 2020. Patient data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and presence of symptoms, were obtained. We aimed to compare the radiographic parameters of both feet to evaluate the differences from one another in patients with bilateral ANBs of different types (one side type 1 and one side type 2) because the foot angles may differ in each person. Seven radiographic parameters evaluating hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot alignment were measured: calcaneal pitch angle, talocalcaneal angle, tibiocalcaneal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, talonavicular coverage angle, and anteroposterior and lateral talo–first metatarsal angles.
Results: Twenty patients (13 women and seven men) with a mean ± SD age of 38.5 ± 12.3 years were included in the study. The patients had a mean ± SD height of 168.1 ± 7.1 cm, weight of 77.2 ± 10.5 kg, and BMI of 27.4 ± 4.3. There were no significant differences between type 1 and type 2 ANBs in any radiographic parameters and no significant correlations between radiographic parameters and age, BMI, or the presence of symptoms.
Conclusions: We found that the type of ANB had no effect on the radiographic measurements of the foot in patients with bilateral ANBs of different types. Age, BMI, and the presence of symptoms also demonstrated no correlations with the radiographic parameters.
Background:
Sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles of the foot and ankle, although mostly asymptomatic, can be sources of pain or degenerative changes in response to overuse and trauma. We investigated the prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones in a population of Italian women with hallux valgus.
Methods:
A single-center study was performed to determine the prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones in the ankle and foot. A total of 505 women with hallux valgus aged 26 to 80 years at the time of hallux valgus correction were examined. Anteroposterior, oblique, lateral foot radiographs and a Muller view were examined regarding the presence, prevalence, coexistence, and distribution of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones in both feet. The radiographs were analyzed independently by three experienced specialists in foot and ankle surgery. Disagreements were discussed in a consensus meeting, where the radiographs were reevaluated and a final decision was made.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between data of the accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones according to the χ2 test. Sesamoid bones were detected in 404 of the 505 patients. The fifth metatarsal sesamoid bone was found in 97 patients. All of the patients presented hallucal sesamoid bones.
Conclusions:
This is the first detailed report of the prevalence of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones of the feet in Italian women with hallux valgus. These findings could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders of accessory ossicles and sesamoid bones, which are often undiagnosed, painful foot syndromes. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(3): 208–212, 2013)
No statistically significant pattern of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid distribution has been reported in the literature in relation to genetic pool or group, unilaterality or bilaterality, or sesamoid division. A study was undertaken to evaluate the presence and distribution of the metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones of the foot in Turkish subjects. A total of 602 foot radiographs from 371 patients without forefoot complaints other than those of the hallux were included in the study. Absence or hypoplasia of the first-ray sesamoids was seen on 0.7% of the radiographs, and second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-ray sesamoids were present on 2.8%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 15.1% of the radiographs, respectively. Fifth-ray sesamoids were more prevalent in men (odds ratio, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–4.84). The frequency of a normal foot profile (two sesamoids in the first ray) was 83.2%. Divisions of the sesamoids were seen on 4.0% of the radiographs at the first ray and on 20.9% at the fifth ray. Distribution and division of sesamoids were predominantly bilateral (κ = 0.91, 0.91, and 0.95 for the first, second, and fifth digits, respectively; P < .001). (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(5): 437–441, 2006)
Hallux limitus is one of the most prevalent, debilitating disorders of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and it has many proposed etiologies. This article reviews these etiologies, focusing primarily on the pes planus foot. The pes planus foot type is often associated with symptomatic hallux limitus and the accessory navicular. This article discusses this correlation, although a causal relationship has not been proven. The prevalence and classification of the accessory navicular are also discussed. Clinical cases involving symptomatic hallux limitus occurring concomitantly with an accessory navicular are reviewed, including radiographic findings, symptoms, and surgical treatment. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(6): 359-365, 2002)
Background: The human foot, containing approximately 26 bones, is highly developed for movement, balance, and weightbearing. It is modified into medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse arches which, in addition to the above functions, play a role in protecting the plantar tissues and neurovascular structures. Morphometry of the navicular bone, one of the bones of the foot that plays an important role in the medial longitudinal arch, was investigated in this study.
Methods: One hundred fifty adult dry navicular bones were used. Navicular breadth, height, maximum thickness, maximum talar facet height and breadth, maximum cuneiform facet height and breadth, and maximum navicular tuberosity projection height were measured using digital Vernier callipers. The anatomical features were used to determine the side. Bones with features that suggested previous fractures or any previous disease were excluded from this study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Department of Anatomy, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Results: The navicular bone showed great variations in its left and right sides, with the values of the dimensions on the left being higher than the right.
Conclusions: An understanding of these variations will be helpful to medical scientists, osteologists, and orthopedic surgeons during surgical interventions on navicular bone fracture and accessory navicular syndrome.
Posterior Tibial Tendinopathy
What Are the Risk Factors?
Background
Posterior tibial tendinopathy (PTT) is the most common cause of acquired (progressive) flatfoot deformity in adults. To date, PTT research has mainly focused on management rather than on causal mechanisms. The etiology of PTT is likely to be multifactorial because both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors have been reported. We sought to critically evaluate reported etiologic factors for PTT and consider the concept of genetic risk factors.
Methods
A detailed review of the literature published after 1936 was undertaken using English-language medical databases.
Results
No clear consensus exists as to the relative importance of the risk factors reported, and neither has any consideration been given to a possible genetic basis for PTT.
Conclusions
To date, studies have examined various intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors implicated in the etiology of PTT. The interaction of these factors with an individual's genetic background may provide valuable data and help offer a more complete risk profile for PTT. A properly constructed genetic association study to determine the genetic basis of PTT would provide a novel and alternative approach to understanding this condition.
